
Developmental toxicity is defined by any alteration to the normal growth or health (physical and behavioral) of a child. Exposures resulting in developmental problems may occur at pre-conception, prenatal, and post-natal stages. Pregnant individuals and children are at the highest risk of impacts to developmental toxicants.



The immune system defends the body against infections and disease-causing microorganisms like pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It consists of white blood cells, along with the organs and tissues of the lymphatic system—including the thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and bone marrow. Immunotoxicity can lead to an underactive or overactive immune response.



The kidneys are two reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs that regulate your body’s fluid levels, maintain blood mineral balances, and filter wastes and toxins from your blood. Kidney toxicity, known as nephrotoxicity or renal toxicity, can impair your body's ability to excrete waste or fluids.



The liver is a large organ whose main function is to detoxify/filter blood from the digestive tract and produce proteins essential for blood clotting and other important functions.



Cancer is the umbrella term for a disease that is defined by uncontrollable cell growth. Contaminants that are carcinogenic have the capacity to cause cancer or promote its development in any part of the body. Exposure to a carcinogen may result in cancer long after the initial exposure.


